Novel Emerging Inflammatory Biomarkers Predict the Coronary Artery Diseases-Related Complications: An Integrative Review
Author(s):
Abdelrahman Salameha1,2*, Bushra Ghannamb2, Nathira Alhmaimata1, Omar Melhema1 and Eman Alawabdeha1
This integrative Review aims to evaluate the utility of novel emerging inflammatory biomarkers in predicting major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) in
patients with acute coronary artery disease (CAD). Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), primarily driven by myocardial ischemia due to atherosclerosis, are
the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Traditional biomarkers have offered mixed prognostic capabilities, necessitating the exploration of new
markers that encompass complete blood count (CBC) parameters and CBC-derived indices. We conducted a comprehensive review, following PRISMA
guidelines, and searched databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, ERIC, and Science Direct up to May 2023, focusing on inflammatory indices and their
correlation with cardiovascular outcomes. The selected studies, published within the last five years and meeting our inclusion criteria, provided data on
various biomarkers including Platelet Distribution Width (PDW), Mean Reticulocyte Volume, and systemic inflammatory indices such as Neutrophil-to
Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR). Emerging indices like the Systemic Inflammatory Index (SII) demonstrated significant
predictive power for both short-term and long-term cardiovascular complications. Our findings suggest that these novel biomarkers, particularly CBC
derived indices, offer valuable prognostic information that could enhance clinical decision-making in managing coronary artery disease. Further research
and standardization are required to fully integrate these biomarkers into routine clinical practice.
