Author(s): Sanjar Saidov
Socio-political and socio-economic changes taking place on a global scale also affect the prospects of different countries. In particular, in the conditions of modern civilization, each state has its own specific laws of development. For instance, not only active movement in international relations, but also the system of democratic governance in domestic policy, economic stability, rule of law and human rights in the country, problems of development of civil society institutions, political and legal culture, formation of civil position
Socio-political and socio-economic changes taking place on a global scale also affect the prospects of different countries. In particular, in the conditions of modern civilization, each state has its own specific laws of development. For instance, not only active movement in international relations, but also the system of democratic governance in domestic policy, economic stability, rule of law and human rights in the country, problems of development of civil society institutions, political and legal culture, formation of civil position. This directly updates the problem of human capital in society. In recent years, the category of human capital has become a modern trend that is often used in political processes and scientific research in various countries.
Human capital is a combination of a wide range of knowledge, skills and tools aimed to the various needs of the individual and society. This scientific category was first introduced into scientific circulation by the American economist Jacob Mixer. Later, Theodore Schultz, Gary Becker, and others refined its theoretical and practical foundations.
First of all, when we talk about human capital, we understand that it is a socio-economic investment aimed only at a person, the factors that increase their ability to work - education and professional skills. Later, its classification expanded. In a broad sense, human capital is the sum of factors that accumulate the resources of education and production for the productive activity of the individual and society. Today, human capital is an important factor that forms an economy based on innovative production and deep knowledge and a broad vision.
The scientific view created by Adam Smith that investments aimed at improving the mental and physical abilities of a person have a positive impact on production productivity, in turn, served as the basis for the concept of human capital. A.Smith believes that individual (human capital) and its system of relations (social capital) play a leading role in the basis of economic development, not technical (physical capital). In turn, for a person, more precisely, the funds spent on the projection of his abilities, increase the efficiency of production [1]. In addition, James Coleman identifies three factors that affect the child’s upbringing and knowledge in the family. He says that three things are important for the future of a child: financial capital, human capital, and social capital. In the future, children will become heirs, continuing family traditions based on the education and knowledge they receive in the family [2]. As a result of the correct course of relations in the family, an adult child will continue to be an active participant in public relations in society.
Today, the phenomenon of human capital has become not only an economic category, but also an integral part of social and political processes and the spiritual world. When analyzing this scientific category, science gives positive results in conducting scientific research and comparative research. Because human capital is manifested in almost all spheres of our social life: in the labor market, in education and medicine, in youth policy, in the formation of civil society, etc.
In such cases, the problem of employment is solved by official agencies as a fixture. However, the difference between a mother with a higher education and a mother with a secondary education in the upbringing of a child is of great social significance. A literate mother will expand the child’s worldview and thinking. It is also possible for a person who has not found a job in the specialty to work as a regular taxi driver or hairdresser.
That is to say, it is not difficult to find out the difference between an illiterate taxi driver or a hairdresser with a taxi driver with a higher education. So the role of high-ranking, broad-minded people in society is large. Human capital plays an important role in the social development of society. The higher the level of education of citizens, the more they become spiritually mature, mentally and physically healthy, and participate with great intelligence in the affairs of the state and society. This is primarily due to the effectiveness of the education system. According to calculations, the majority of citizens currently working in the Research and Production Association are persons with higher education. For this reason, the non-governmental sector is the main focus of the development of the education sector. This will help in the development of human capital in the first place, and secondly, in preparing high-level employees for their further involvement in their activities [3].
In recent years, the socio-political and socio-economic reforms carried out in Uzbekistan are aimed at educating young people, who are the future of our nation, in the spirit of national and universal values, the idea of national independence, love and loyalty to their Homeland and people, and creating the necessaryconditions for educating a harmoniously and spiritually developed generation. At the same time many targeted state programs are also being successfully implemented, we can say, that the main goal of these programs is to develop human capital in our country.
In this regard, there are also a number of problems in our society. These factors can be divided into 2 aspects:
Most importantly, we can also introduce the ever-decreasing number of social Sciences in higher education into the system of these problems. According to the baccalaureate curriculum, every year in all areas of education there is a process of reducing the hours allocated to social Sciences-philosophy, political science, theology, the basics of spirituality, sociology and other Sciences, which are called 1-block. This arose a natural question: does a good architect need a philosophical idea? Should not an agronomist or a medic think logically? These questions remain open? However, in the education and upbringing of the East, first of all, the desire to educate a broad-minded person who has sufficient knowledge and skills in all spheres of public life prevails. Therefore, first you need to be a person, and then you need to be an expert [4].
Over the past three years, the government has carried out a number of activities to attract direct investment to further development of the country’s economy, improve living standards and train highquality personnel. The fact that 2019 is called the year of active investment and social development is one of the important steps aimed at developing the social sphere in our country, providing young people with a decent education, and promoting a healthy lifestyle. Every investment is based on human capital. Before investing money in a particular country, the investor raises the question of what the socio-economic situation in this country is, how healthy his people are, whether they have potential personnel. International organizations which have recently witnessed an active investment policy in our country are ready to Finance the work of Uzbekistan on this path. In this regard, we can highlight the financial support provided by the world Bank to the quality control of education in order to support the effective participation of the state Agency in the human capital project.
In General, the role of highly educated, experienced and modernminded personnel and specialists in the country cannot be overestimated in order to achieve strategic aims, achieve new goals, and take a worthy place among developed countries. This need is not easily fulfilled by itself, which is based on human capital. Therefore, the full implementation of such tasks as the disclosure of human potential and its mobilization to achieve certain goals is the basis for the development of our country.
Annotation: This scientific article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of human capital in the system of social and political sciences. It analyzes the position of human capital in the development of the individual and society, its importance in achieving the strategic goals of our country, and gaining new heights among developed countries. The article also explored the scientific views of a number of scientists, giving practical feedback.
