Author(s): Amnah Mohammed Howthan*, Mona Mohamed El-Hady and Nahed Ahmed Mersal
Central venous catheter (CVC) known as standard method for hemodynamic monitoring that plays an essential role in critically ill patient management. After recognizing critical condition, measuring, and evaluating the underlying pathophysiological strategies and receiving suitable therapy .Venous pressure is the pressure present within a blood vessel that can be measured directly via an inserted catheter, and it reflects the venous return to the heart . The catheter tip may influence venous pressure measurement . A venous catheter can be inserted either central or peripheral.
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